Analysis of three major technical developments of access control systems

With the development of science and technology, the access control system has become one of the three major security arms following the alarm and video surveillance. It is an important security subsystem. However, it is different from the former and is an active system. Therefore, it plays an irreplaceable role. Nowadays, people's demand for access control systems is increasing, and applications are no longer limited to entry and exit controls. They also require multi-functional linkage and integration systems with anti-theft alarms, video surveillance, building automation, and fire alarms. However, the reason why the access control system will go very far is because of its strong support of identity recognition, authentication, networking, and linkage integration.

Identity reading authentication technology

Remember the password keyboard and magnetic card access control, a qualitative leap compared to the lock key, but the password is easily deciphered and the magnetic card storage space is small, easy to wear and copy, etc., thereby making the security and reliability of the password keyboard and the magnetic card access control Restrictions. Later, contactless cards emerged. Although they are more advanced than passwords and magnetic cards (storage and processing capabilities), they have also become application development due to their own insurmountable shortcomings (short wear life and inconvenience of use). Obstacles. At the same time, the non-contact RF card has the advantages of no mechanical wear, long life, high security, easy to use, difficult to be copied, etc. Therefore, it has become a new army attracting attention in the industry. From the perspective of identification technology, the use of RFID technology is the trend of non-contact cards. Faster response speeds and higher frequencies are the future trends.

In the 80s and 90s of last century, the rapid development of computer and optical scanning technology made fingerprint extraction a reality. The introduction and processing algorithms of image equipment provide conditions for fingerprint recognition applications, and promote the development and application of biometric access control systems. Studies have shown that fingerprints, palm lines, faces, retinas, irises, bones, etc. all have individual uniqueness and stability characteristics, and these characteristics generally do not change throughout life, so these characteristics can be used as the basis for identifying the identity of personnel. As a result, biometrics based on these characteristics have been produced. Since the biological characteristics of the human body have the characteristics of being reliable, unique, lifelong, not lost, and non-reproducible, the biometric-based access control system has the highest security and reliability in terms of identification.

Currently, the access control systems researched and developed at home and abroad are mainly non-contact induction and biometric-based access control systems. Biometrics technology is most widely used in fingerprint identification. Whether it is inductive or biometric technology, their supporting technologies: radio frequency identification and biometric technology are now relatively mature.

Networking technology

The networking mode of the access control system is a very important factor in ensuring the normal operation of the system. It is widely believed in the industry that the dual networking mode can better ensure the stability and reliability of the access control system. The so-called dual network has two meanings. The first is to ensure the smooth flow of communications using a dual network structure of the same type of communication, such as dual RS485 and dual TCP/IP interfaces. The dual interfaces of the same type complement and switch each other, thereby improving the stability and reliability of system communications.

Another dual-network is the dual-network architecture of TCP/IP+RS485. That is, a hybrid network of RS485 and TCP/IP is adopted. That is, each subnet uses RS485 bus networking. The communication between subnets is based on Ethernet. The network, which integrates the strengths of the two types of networks and maximizes the effectiveness of the two. Generally speaking, this method refers to the use of TCP/IP networking between the PC and the access controllers, and RS485 connection between the lower controller and the reader. On the whole, the upper layer TCP/IP and the lower layer RS485, the secondary structure is a complementary architecture. It integrates the advantages of the two architectures and enables the access control system to not only provide large-scale distribution and high-speed information transmission, but also ensure system security. And also maintain high performance in terms of integration.

Integrated linkage technology access control system is how to achieve multi-system integration linkage it?

1. Integration and linkage based on the access control system, which is mainly biased toward access control. After the alarm front end transmits the alarm information back to the management center, it can perform live real-time viewing by calling the video image, and finally the access control system realizes the control of the scene. In this linkage mode, once an event occurs, the alarm event can be linked to the TV monitor DVR and the video matrix to respond accordingly. For example, when a door is illegally opened, the system will control the matrix to switch the image to the video wall and the management platform, and start the DVR recording. If the camera is equipped with a pan-tilt, it can also control the pan-tilt to rotate to the preset position.

2. Each subsystem software is integrated, integration between subsystems is not only to achieve integration between hardware, but also to achieve integration of the various software, its integrability depends on the degree of agreement openness of various hardware devices, that is, whether these hardware devices Provide interface protocols. Only by providing (SDK or API functions) can the software manage and control the hardware through the interface, and master the hardware working status. Of course, the software should also provide a linkage strategy and a plan mechanism, and the integrated system software should also support hierarchical management.

However, there is also a need to modularize the software and manage each piece of hardware in one module. Just like the WINDOWS platform, no matter how the PC is configured, it can be installed and used because different hardware has a corresponding driver for WINDOWS. Therefore, security integration should gradually be platformized and modularized.

Conclusion

Of course, there are other important technologies for the access control system, such as the microcontroller technology in the controller, but I believe that it is more than the above three as a whole technology. With the increase in security requirements, single-pass bans are far from meeting security needs. However, the increase in subsystems also means that the scale and complexity of the platforms have increased, or the overall capacity has been weakened. Therefore, it is the maximum efficiency that can be achieved only if the subsystems are integrated scientifically and scientifically.