Access Control System Installation Framework

Access control system classification

The access control system can be divided into the following three categories according to the access identification method:

1. Password recognition: Incoming and outgoing rights are recognized by verifying that the entered password is correct.

These products are divided into two categories: one is a common type, and the other is an out-of-order keyboard type (the numbers on the keyboard are not fixed and change automatically from time to time).

Ordinary type: Advantages: easy to operate, no need to carry cards; low cost. Disadvantages: At the same time can only accommodate three sets of passwords, easy to leak, poor security; no access records; only one-way control.

Disorder keyboard type (the number on the keyboard is not fixed, automatically change from time to time): Advantages: easy to operate, no need to carry the card, the safety factor is slightly higher; Disadvantages: the password is easy to leak, the security is still not high; no access records; only One-way control, high cost.

2. Card identification: identify the access authority by reading card or reading card plus password.

According to the card type, it is divided into:

Magnetic card: Advantages: lower cost; one person per card (+ password), safe, can be linked to the computer, open the door record; Disadvantages: card, equipment wear, short life; the card is easy to copy; difficult to control in two directions. The card information is easily lost due to external magnetic fields, rendering the card useless.

RF card: Advantages: Cards, equipment without contact, convenient and safe to open the door; long life, theoretical data for at least ten years; high security, can be connected to the computer, open records; can achieve two-way control. Cards are difficult to duplicate; disadvantages: higher cost.

3, portrait recognition: through the inspection of biometrics and other ways to identify the entry and exit. Fingerprint type, iris type, face recognition type. Advantages: Excellent security from the point of view of identification; no need to carry cards.

Disadvantages: The cost is high. The recognition rate is not high, the environmental requirements are high, and the user is highly demanded (for example, the fingerprint cannot be scratched, the eye cannot be swollen and bleeding, the face cannot be injured, or the number of beards), and the use is inconvenient (such as iris type and face recognition. Type, installation height position is certain, but the user's height is different)

It is worth noting that most people think that the biometric access control system is very safe. In fact, this is a misunderstanding. The security of the access control system is not only the security of the identification method, but also the safety of the control system, the security of the software system, and the security of the communication system. Power system security The entire system is a whole, which is not closed, and the entire system is not secure. For example, some fingerprint access control systems, whose controllers and fingerprint readers are integrated, should be installed outdoors when installed. In this way, the line that controls the lock switch is exposed outdoors, and it is easily opened by people. The access control system can be divided into the following two categories according to the design principle:

1. The controller comes with a card reader (recognizer): The disadvantage of this design is that the controller must be installed outside the door. Therefore, some control lines must be exposed outside the door. Insiders can easily open the door without a card or password.

2. The controller and reader (identifier) ​​are separated: these system controllers are installed indoors, only the reader input line is exposed outdoors, all other control lines are indoors, and the reader is Digital signal, therefore, no one can enter the door without a valid card or password.

This type of system should be the user's first choice.

The access control system can be divided into the following two types according to the communication method with the microcomputer:

1. Stand-alone control type: This type of product is the most common and is suitable for small systems or units where installation locations are concentrated. RS485 communication is usually used. Its advantages are low investment and dedicated communication lines. The disadvantage is that once installed, the location of the management center cannot be easily replaced, and network control and off-site control are difficult to achieve.

2. Network type: The technical content of such products is high, and it is rare at present. Only a few companies have formed products. Its communication method uses the commonly used TCP/IP protocol of the network. The advantage of this type of system is that the controller and the management center transmit data over the LAN. The location of the management center can be changed at any time. Re-wiring is not required, and it is easy to implement network control or remote control.

Suitable for use in large systems or dispersed locations. The disadvantage of this type of system is that the stability of the communication part of the system depends on the stability of the LAN. Access control system composition

1. Access controller: The core part of the access control system is equivalent to the computer's CPU. It is responsible for the entire system's input and output information processing and storage, control and so on.

2. Reader (identifier): A device that reads data (biometric information) in a card.

3. Electronically controlled lock: The door's executive component in the access control system. The user should select different locks according to the door materials, exit requirements and other requirements. There are mainly the following types:

1. Electromagnetic lock: After the electromagnetic lock is powered off, it is open and meets fire protection requirements. And equipped with a variety of mounting frames for customers. This kind of lock is suitable for one-way wooden doors, glass doors, fire doors, and split electric doors.

2. Anode lock: The anode lock is open-type and meets fire protection requirements. It is installed in the upper part of the door frame. Unlike the electromagnetic lock, the anode lock is suitable for two-way wooden doors, glass doors, fire doors, and it has its own door magnetic detector, which can detect the safety state of the door at any time.

3. Cathode lock: The general cathode lock is open for power. Apply one-way wooden door. The cathode lock must be equipped with UPS power supply. Because the lock is locked when the power outage.

4. Card: The key to open the door. Cardholder's personal photos can be printed on the card, opening cards and badges are combined.

5. Other equipment: Exit button: Click to open the door of the device, apply to the situation without restrictions on going out.

Magneto: used to detect the safety/switch status of the door.

Power supply: The power supply equipment of the entire system is divided into two types: ordinary and backup type (with battery).